Abortion

The premature expulsion of the embyo or fetus from the uterus. can be voluntary or spontaneous

Aneuploidy

Having an extra chromosome relative to the parental chromosome number.

Non-Disjuction

Of cells, movement of a stretch of DNA to a new chromosomal location with no molecular loss.

Translocation

Of cells, movement of a stretch of DNA to a new chromosomal location with no molecular loss.

Invertion

With an invertion, part of the gene sequence of DNA within the chromosome is oriented in the reverse direction.

Duplication and Deletion

Duplication is when the gene sequence is repeated several
to many hundred of times.

Deletion is the loss of some portion of the chromosome.

Sex Chromosomes

The sex chromosomes are specific chromosomes that affect the sexuals traits. example in mammals, XX female, and XY males.

Karyotype

Is the study of chromosomes shorted by length, centromere location and other defining feature.

In-Vitro Fertilization

Is the fertilization of the ovule while is outside from the female body.

Homologous Chromosomes

Are a pair of chromosomes that have identical size, shape, and same gene sequence.

Crossing Over

Crossing Over is the process when two homologous chromosomes exchange information between them. They break at corresponding sites and exchange segments of themselves.