DNA

DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid ) ,the molecule of inheritance, is a doubled helically twisted nucleotide strands, who has the instructions for synthesizing of proteins.

Cloning

Making geneticaly identical copies of an organism.

X-ray Diffraction Image

Patterns that forms on film exposed to x-rays that have been directed at a molecule; reveals positions of atoms, not the molecular structure.

Bacteriophage

Type of virus that only inffects bacterial cells.

Nucleotide

Small organic compound with deoxyribose (sugar), a phosphate group and a nitrogen base (A, T, C, G).

Nitrogen Bases

Polyploidy

Having three or more chromosomes in the nucleus of eukariotic cells at interphase.

Mosaicism

Cells of same type express genes differently, so phenotypic differences emerge in same type of tissue. E.g., occurs by X chromosome inactivation in female mammals; also by nondisjunction in any cell after fertilization (only descendants of altered cell inherit the abnormal chromosome number).

Linkage Group

A linkage group are all the genes in a chromosomes.

Genetic Abnormality

A rare or less common version of an hereditable trait.

Genetic Disorder

Any inherited condition that cause mild to severe problems.

Genetic recombination

Result of any process that puts new genetic information in a DNA molecule.

Disease

Outcome of infection when defenses aren't mobilized fast enough and a pathogen's activities interfere with normal body functions.

Sydrome

A Syndrome is a set os symptoms that are collectively characterize a genetic disorder.

Autosome

Any chromosome of a type that is the same in males and femalesof species.